Snehasikta Swarnakar | Biochemistry | Best Researcher Award

Prof. Snehasikta Swarnakar | Biochemistry | Best Researcher Award

University of Calcutta- India

Author Profile

Early Academic Pursuits 📚

Dr. (Miss) Snehasikta Swarnakar’s academic journey began with a strong foundation in chemistry, physics, and mathematics during her Bachelor’s degree at Calcutta University from 1980 to 1983. Her academic curiosity and drive for excellence propelled her into a diverse educational path, culminating in an MSc in Biochemistry with a special paper on Advanced Microbiology from Calcutta University (1985–1987). The thirst for deeper scientific inquiry led her to pursue a Ph.D. from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, from 1988 to 1993. Her doctoral research focused on “Studies on a sialic acid-binding lectin from the albumin gland of apple snail Pila globosa,” which contributed significantly to the understanding of biochemistry and microbiology.

Her educational path also included specialized training in Physical Education (Dip P. Ed), which enriched her holistic approach to science and well-being. This broad spectrum of academic qualifications in chemistry, microbiology, and biochemistry laid the groundwork for her highly successful scientific career. 🧬🔬

Professional Endeavors 💼

Dr. Swarnakar’s professional career has spanned prestigious institutions across the world, making significant contributions to the field of biochemistry, immunology, and infectious diseases. After completing her Ph.D., she joined JNU, New Delhi as a Senior Research Fellow in 1994. This was followed by post-doctoral fellowships at renowned institutions like the University of California, Davis (1994–1997), Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, USA, and State University of New York, Stony Brook (1997–1999). These positions provided her with global exposure and advanced training in biochemistry and molecular biology.

Dr. Swarnakar returned to India and joined CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB) in Kolkata in 2002. Here, she climbed the ranks from Scientist-C to Scientist-G, taking on leadership roles. As the Chief Scientist and Head of the P&I Division and Infectious Diseases and Immunity Division, she has led numerous groundbreaking research projects. Her interdisciplinary expertise and leadership have shaped her as a key figure in the scientific community. 🌍💉

Contributions and Research Focus 🔬

Dr. Swarnakar’s research spans the fields of biochemistry, immunology, and infectious diseases, with particular focus on understanding immune responses and developing therapeutic interventions. Her early research on sialic acid-binding lectins, which helped unlock new biochemical mechanisms, laid the foundation for her later work on immunity and infectious diseases.

Her ongoing work includes leading the Infectious Diseases and Immunity Division at CSIR-IICB, where her contributions in the field of vaccine development, immune system understanding, and disease pathology have garnered international attention. Dr. Swarnakar’s collaborations with global institutions, including a Fulbright Fellowship at Emory University, have further expanded her influence in cutting-edge research on immunity and infectious diseases. 🌱🧬

Accolades and Recognition 🏆

Dr. Swarnakar’s work has earned her widespread recognition within the scientific community. She is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (FNASc) and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (FAScT). These prestigious honors reflect her contributions to science and her role in advancing research in the fields of immunology and biochemistry. In addition, her career has been marked by numerous fellowships and international collaborations, enhancing her reputation as a leading scientist in her field.

Her recognition is not limited to academic circles; Dr. Swarnakar has also been honored for her leadership and mentorship of young scientists. These accolades attest to her outstanding contributions to science and society. 👩‍🔬💡

Impact and Influence 🌍

Dr. Swarnakar’s impact extends beyond the laboratory. Through her leadership roles, both at CSIR-IICB and in international collaborations, she has influenced the direction of research in immunology, infectious diseases, and vaccine development. Her research has helped enhance our understanding of the immune system, which is crucial for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies for combating infectious diseases.

Her work continues to inspire young scientists and researchers, particularly women in science, to pursue careers in biochemistry and immunology. As a mentor and leader, she fosters an environment of scientific inquiry, integrity, and innovation. Dr. Swarnakar’s influence has shaped the scientific landscape in India and abroad. 🌏🔬

Legacy and Future Contributions 🌟

As a trailblazer in her field, Dr. Swarnakar’s legacy is defined by her dedication to research, her pioneering contributions, and her mentorship of the next generation of scientists. Her future contributions are expected to drive advancements in immunology, vaccine research, and infectious diseases. By continuing her interdisciplinary approach and global collaborations, she aims to unlock new therapeutic targets for combating diseases and improving public health.

Her ongoing projects at CSIR-IICB will likely leave a lasting legacy in the scientific community, and her influence will continue to inspire research innovations for many years to come. Dr. Swarnakar’s commitment to bridging the gap between basic science and practical applications in healthcare ensures that her future work will have a lasting impact on global health. 🌱💉.In conclusion, Dr. Snehasikta Swarnakar’s career exemplifies excellence in scientific research, leadership, and mentorship. Her work continues to shape the future of biochemistry, immunology, and infectious disease research, marking her as one of the foremost scientists in her field.

Citations

A total of 5740 citations for his publications, demonstrating the impact and recognition of his research within the academic community.

  • Citations        5740
  • h-index          42
  • i10-index       81

Notable Publications 

  • Melatonin Inhibits AGS Cell Proliferation by Binding to the ATP Binding Site of CDK2 Under Hyperglycemic Conditions
    • Authors: A Chatterjee, T Roy, D Jyothi, VK Mishra, UP Singh, S Swarnakar
    • Journal: Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
    • Year: 2024.
  • 3-indolyl furanoids as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9 for prevention of gastric ulcer and other inflammatory diseases
    • Authors: P Jaisankar, S Swarnakar, S Chatterjee, S Verma, M Mandal, …
    • Journal: US Patent 10,590,116
    • Year: 2020.
  • Curcumin regulates expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 during prevention and healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer
    • Authors: S Swarnakar, K Ganguly, P Kundu, A Banerjee, P Maity, AV Sharma
    • Journal: Journal of Biological Chemistry
    • Year: 2005.
  • The Plasma-Based Cytolytic System of the American Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus: Cooperative Interaction of the Sialic Acid-Binding Lectin Limulin and …
    • Authors: S Swarnakar, JP Quigley, PB Armstrong
    • Journal: The Biological Bulletin
    • Year: 1996.
  • Shatavarin-IV, a steroidal saponin from Asparagus racemosus, inhibits cell cycle progression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in AGS cells under hyperglycemic conditions
    • Authors: A Chatterjee, T Roy, VK Mishra, S Swarnakar
    • Journal: Steroids
    • Year: 2024.

Rupak Pathak | Radiation biology | Best Researcher Award

Dr. Rupak Pathak | Radiation biology | Best Researcher Award

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, India

Author Profile

Early Academic Pursuits 📚

Dr. Rupak Pathak embarked on his academic journey in biological sciences at North Bengal University, where he completed his MSc in 1996. His early education was marked by an intense curiosity about the biological mechanisms underlying life processes, particularly the effects of radiation on biological systems. This curiosity drove him to continue his education with a Bachelor of Education (BEd) at Jadavpur University, emphasizing his commitment to both learning and teaching. His academic pursuits reached a zenith with a PhD in Biological Sciences from Kalyani University in 2007, where he further honed his expertise in radiobiology.

Professional Endeavors and Career Path 🏫

Dr. Pathak’s professional career spans over two decades, beginning with roles that allowed him to teach and shape future scientists. Between 1997 and 1999, he served as a part-time lecturer at Maheshtala College in Kolkata. Later, he advanced as a Research Fellow at the Inter University Accelerator Centre in New Delhi, where he focused on radiation biology and its impact on cellular processes. His professional journey is a testament to his dedication to exploring radiobiological effects, especially in medical applications.After his time as a research fellow, he transitioned into teaching as an Assistant Teacher in Biological Sciences at Alida Bagnar High School. Here, Dr. Pathak integrated his research experience into the classroom, inspiring young minds in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. His passion for research and teaching remained balanced, as he continued research fellowships and postdoctoral positions at prestigious institutions. Notably, Dr. Pathak joined the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute in Maryland, USA, as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in 2007, focusing on the impact of radiation on health—a position that paved the way for his future specialization.In 2010, he joined the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, where he took on roles as a Research Instructor and Assistant Research Professor before securing a tenure-track Assistant Professorship in 2016. His position in the Division of Radiation Health at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences has enabled him to make impactful contributions to radiation health research.

Contributions and Research Focus 🔬

Dr. Pathak’s primary research centers around radiobiology, investigating how radiation affects biological organisms at cellular and genetic levels. His work aims to develop strategies for mitigating radiation damage, which has far-reaching implications in fields such as oncology, radiotherapy, and space exploration. His focus on understanding the cellular response to radiation exposure has contributed significantly to medical science, especially in developing ways to protect patients from the adverse effects of radiation.Dr. Pathak has also explored genomic responses to radiation exposure and has sought innovative approaches for radiation-induced cell damage repair. His research aligns with the emerging field of precision medicine, as he investigates individualized treatment strategies to reduce radiation toxicity.

Accolades and Recognition 🌟

Dr. Pathak’s career is decorated with numerous recognitions that underscore his contributions to the field of radiobiology. His commitment to science and his extensive research on radiation health have made him a respected figure among his peers. His dedicated service as an instructor has garnered praise from both students and colleagues, and his research has been widely cited, highlighting its impact on the scientific community.

Impact and Influence 🌍

Dr. Pathak’s work has had a lasting impact on radiation health and safety, an area critical for protecting both patients and professionals exposed to radiation. His findings have informed protocols in radiation therapy and contributed to better safety standards. His contributions are especially vital in the medical field, as his research provides valuable insights into how healthcare practitioners can mitigate risks associated with radiation. His influence extends globally, impacting policies and practices within healthcare and research organizations.

Legacy and Future Contributions 🚀

As Dr. Pathak continues his tenure at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, his work sets a strong foundation for future research in radiation health. He envisions advancements in radiation safety and therapeutics, aiming to make radiological treatments safer and more effective. His commitment to teaching also promises a legacy in shaping the next generation of scientists and researchers in radiobiology.Dr. Pathak’s dedication to pioneering research, education, and community service positions him as a thought leader in his field. His legacy will likely inspire countless students and researchers to explore radiobiology with the same passion and integrity he has demonstrated throughout his career.

Citations

A total of 904 citations for his publications, demonstrating the impact and recognition of his research within the academic community.

  • Citations         904
  • h-index           64
  • i10-index        19

Notable Publications 

  • Title: Current Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Biomarkers for Treating Radiation-Induced Liver Damage
    Authors: Saha, B., Pallatt, S., Banerjee, A., Pathak, R., Pathak, S.
    Journal: Cells
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Platelets, inflammation, and purinergic receptors in chronic kidney disease
    Authors: Corken, A.L., Ong, V., Kore, R., Porter, C., Jain, N.
    Journal: Kidney International
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: G-Banding and Molecular Cytogenetics Detect Novel Translocations and Cryptic Aberrations in Human Immortal Endothelial Cells
    Authors: Binz, R.L., Pathak, R.
    Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Azido derivatives of sesquiterpene lactones: Synthesis, anticancer proliferation, and chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals
    Authors: Reyes, Y., Larrey, E.K., Pathak, R., Adhikary, A., Wnuk, S.F.
    Journal: Results in Chemistry
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Protocol for preparation and staining of chromosomes isolated from mouse and human tissues for conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis
    Authors: Binz, R.L., Burns, K., Pathak, R.
    Journal: STAR Protocols
    Year: 2024.

Asimul Islam | Biochemistry | Lifetime achievement Award

Prof Dr. Asimul Islam | Biochemistry | Lifetime achievement Award

Jamia Millia Islamia (a Central University), India

Author Profile

Early Academic Pursuits 📚

Dr. Asimul Islam’s academic journey reflects his dedication to biosciences, with a foundation laid in Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) and Cambrian Hall School. Completing his B.Sc. in Biosciences with First Division in 1999 from JMI, he moved to an M.Sc. in Biosciences from the same university, also graduating with distinction in 2001. His M.Sc. dissertation, which focused on PCR amplification of the chr A gene from Indian isolates of E. coli, marked the beginning of his focus on molecular biology and bioinformatics. Dr. Islam’s formative years were enriched at Cambrian Hall School, where he consistently achieved high honors, earning distinctions in multiple subjects, a foundation that set the stage for his exceptional career in biosciences.Dr. Islam’s Ph.D., completed at JMI, further showcased his growing expertise in biophysics and biochemistry. His doctoral work, “Studies of Conformation and Conformational Stability of Nef Protein of HIV-1,” explored protein structure and stability—a critical area in understanding HIV biology and treatment. This phase allowed Dr. Islam to develop technical acumen and establish a research foundation that continues to influence his work in molecular biophysics.

Professional Endeavors and Leadership 🔬

As a professor at JMI, Dr. Islam brings over 17 years of teaching experience across a wide spectrum of courses, including interdisciplinary sciences, biotechnology, bioinformatics, and biophysics. His diverse teaching portfolio spans course work at all levels—from Ph.D. and M.Phil. programs to the ten semesters of the integrated M.Sc. programs. This extensive involvement has allowed Dr. Islam to shape the academic trajectories of numerous students, emphasizing critical scientific approaches and hands-on research skills.Dr. Islam has made significant contributions as a Co-Ordinator of Extension Activities at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, JMI, organizing multiple initiatives aimed at engaging the community and fostering scientific collaboration. His role in JMI’s Institutional Animal Ethics Committee also reflects his commitment to ethical scientific practices and the responsible use of animal models in research, a critical element of modern biosciences.

Contributions and Research Focus 🌐

Dr. Islam’s research is marked by extensive contributions in protein biophysics, structural biology, and molecular biosciences. With over 280 peer-reviewed publications, his research covers various topics, including protein conformational studies, peptide stability, and biophysical interactions—areas essential to understanding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues. His work on HIV-1 Nef protein conformation, for instance, has been instrumental in uncovering structural insights with potential implications for HIV research.Over the years, Dr. Islam has successfully led six major research projects funded by prestigious Indian science agencies, including DST-SERB, DBT, CSIR, and UGC. His ongoing projects further expand his contributions to biochemistry, involving areas that are central to developing treatments for complex diseases. His mentorship extends to 8 Ph.D. students currently enrolled under him, along with another 12 working under his co-supervision. To date, Dr. Islam has supervised over 100 M.Sc. dissertations and summer training projects, providing a critical learning ground for students to gain practical research experience.

Accolades and Recognition 🏆

Dr. Islam’s scientific achievements and professional dedication have earned him a place in the National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI), one of the country’s most prestigious scientific organizations. He is also a life member of various national and international scientific bodies, including the Iranian Society of Biophysical Chemistry (ISOBC), Indian Immunology Society, and Society of Biological Chemists. His active engagement in these bodies reflects his contributions to the broader scientific community, where he regularly collaborates and shares his expertise.Dr. Islam has published abstracts in more than 50 conferences, delivering invited talks at premier institutions, both in India and abroad. His role as a coordinator in organizing national and international conferences at JMI, including the National Symposium on Biophysics and the Golden Jubilee Meeting of the Indian Biophysical Society, has further cemented his reputation as a leader in his field. His organization of two three-week Refresher Courses in Basic Sciences has contributed significantly to faculty development and academic excellence.

Impact and Influence 🌍

Dr. Islam’s work has had a substantial impact on the academic and research communities. His dedication to training and mentorship has influenced generations of students, many of whom have continued to contribute to the biosciences in their careers. His ability to foster interdisciplinary collaboration has also led to innovative approaches and novel insights within molecular biophysics and structural biology.Beyond academia, Dr. Islam’s research on protein structure and stability, especially his work with HIV-1, contributes to fields with direct implications for health and medical research. His extensive publication record and active engagement in scientific societies exemplify his commitment to advancing biosciences, promoting rigorous scientific standards, and encouraging collaborative research.

Legacy and Future Contributions 🚀

Dr. Asimul Islam’s legacy is rooted in his commitment to teaching, his vast research output, and his leadership within academic and scientific communities. His influence extends beyond JMI, impacting the broader bioscience field through his contributions to structural biology and his involvement in professional organizations. Looking forward, Dr. Islam aims to expand his research portfolio and continue to train and mentor the next generation of scientists.With a strong foundation in interdisciplinary sciences and a passion for advancing molecular biosciences, Dr. Islam is well-positioned to leave a lasting legacy. His future endeavors will likely focus on groundbreaking research projects, contributing to advancements in biophysics, bioinformatics, and disease research—areas that will benefit from his vast expertise and dedication to scientific exploration. Through his enduring contributions, Dr. Islam continues to inspire a legacy of innovation and excellence in biosciences.

Citations

A total of 6455 citations for his publications, demonstrating the impact and recognition of his research within the academic community.

  • Citations        6455
  • h-index          278
  • i10-index       43

Notable Publications 

  • Title: Recent advancement in understanding of Alzheimer’s disease: Risk factors, subtypes, and drug targets and potential therapeutics
    Authors: Prabha, S.; Sajad, M.; Hasan, G.M.; … Imtaiyaz Hassan, M.; Thakur, S.C.
    Journal: Ageing Research Reviews
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Targeting prostate cancer via therapeutic targeting of PIM-1 kinase by Naringenin and Quercetin
    Authors: Rathi, A.; Chaudhury, A.; Anjum, F.; … Hassan, M.I.; Haque, M.M.
    Journal: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Navigating the Maze of Alzheimer’s disease by exploring BACE1: Discovery, current scenario, and future prospects
    Authors: Iram, F.; Shahid, M.; Ansari, J.; … Hassan, M.I.; Islam, A.
    Journal: Ageing Research Reviews
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Improving faster R-CNN generalization for intestinal parasite detection using cycle-GAN based data augmentation
    Authors: Kumar, S.; Arif, T.; Ahamad, G.; … Ali, M.A.M.; Islam, A.
    Journal: Discover Applied Sciences
    Year: 2024.
  • Title: Probing protein aggregation through spectroscopic insights and multimodal approaches: A comprehensive review for counteracting neurodegenerative disorders
    Authors: Bashir, S.; Aiman, A.; Chaudhary, A.A.; … Hassan, M.I.; Islam, A.
    Journal: Heliyon
    Year: 2024.

Kanika Bhardwaj | Neurotoxicology | Best Researcher Award

Dr. Kanika Bhardwaj | Neurotoxicology | Best Researcher Award

IIS (deemed to be University), Jaipur, India

Author Profile

🌟 Early Academic Pursuits

Dr. Kanika Bhardwaj’s journey into the academic and scientific world began at an early age. Born on October 22, 1997, her educational roots were firmly planted in Jaipur, where she developed a strong inclination toward life sciences and biotechnology. A diligent student, she pursued her higher education with a focus on biological sciences, eventually securing a position as a Lecturer at the prestigious IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur. With her academic foundation and passion for research, Dr. Bhardwaj quickly rose to prominence in her field, driven by her interest in exploring neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson’s Disease.🎓 Her rigorous academic training at IIS Deemed University honed her skills, providing her with a solid base in biotechnology, which she later applied in her research pursuits. Her thirst for knowledge was evident in her continuous learning, leading her to delve deeper into the intricacies of the human brain and its complex diseases, an area where she has made significant contributions.


💼 Professional Endeavors and Research Focus

Currently, Dr. Bhardwaj holds the position of Lecturer at IIS Deemed University, Jaipur. Alongside her teaching responsibilities, she has maintained a parallel career in scientific research, where her work predominantly revolves around neurodegenerative diseases. Her research is focused on Parkinson’s Disease (PD), particularly its underlying molecular and biological mechanisms. The development of novel therapeutic interventions for PD remains a central theme in her academic and research pursuits.🧠 One of her remarkable achievements includes her work on developing an In-silico 3D protein model of alpha-synuclein, a protein associated with Parkinson’s Disease. This model, developed using cutting-edge computational techniques, holds immense potential in therapeutic applications. The project, which led to her patent filing in 2022, underscores her commitment to innovative approaches in combating neurodegenerative disorders.💡 Dr. Bhardwaj’s patent, titled “A stable full-length alpha synuclein In-silico 3D protein model and the method of development,” has been a significant milestone in her career. Filed on April 7th, 2022, with the application number 202211020954, and published on April 15th, 2022, this patent reflects her visionary approach toward biotechnology and bioinformatics. The in-silico model provides a stable 3D representation of alpha-synuclein, offering new insights into therapeutic targets and drug discovery for Parkinson’s Disease.


🏅 Accolades and Recognition

Dr. Bhardwaj’s innovative research and scientific contributions have not gone unnoticed. Her pioneering work has earned her recognition within the scientific community, particularly in the fields of neurobiology and biotechnology. The publication of her patent serves as a testament to her dedication to advancing scientific knowledge and her potential to influence future medical research.🔬 In addition to her research, Dr. Bhardwaj has been lauded for her academic excellence, both as a student and as a professional. Her expertise in teaching complex scientific concepts to undergraduate and graduate students has been widely appreciated, making her a popular figure among her students. Her ability to balance both teaching and research highlights her versatility and commitment to making a meaningful impact in academia and healthcare.


🌍 Impact and Influence

Dr. Bhardwaj’s contributions to the field of neuroscience and microbiology have far-reaching implications, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Her research on alpha-synuclein protein, a key marker in Parkinson’s Disease, stands at the intersection of molecular biology and computational bioinformatics. This hybrid approach enables the development of better-targeted therapies, which could revolutionize how diseases like Parkinson’s are treated. By using in-silico methods, Dr. Bhardwaj aims to accelerate drug development processes, ensuring that life-saving treatments reach the public more efficiently. Her work also opens doors for precision medicine, where treatments can be tailored to individual patients based on their molecular and genetic profiles.💊 The creation of the 3D protein model for alpha-synuclein could play a pivotal role in drug discovery, as it provides a comprehensive view of the protein’s structure and behavior. The pharmaceutical industry could leverage her research to create drugs that specifically target this protein, mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative conditions.


🏆 Legacy and Future Contributions

As Dr. Bhardwaj continues to forge ahead in her career, her focus on neuroscience, biotechnology, and bioinformatics positions her as a trailblazer in the field of neurodegenerative research. Her work has laid the groundwork for future innovations in Parkinson’s Disease research, setting the stage for advancements that could potentially lead to a cure.👩‍🏫 In the realm of education, Dr. Bhardwaj’s legacy will likely be reflected in the countless students she has mentored. Her passion for research, combined with her dedication to teaching, ensures that she will continue to inspire and guide the next generation of scientists and healthcare professionals. Her influence extends beyond the classroom, as her published research and innovative patent serve as a resource for scientists worldwide.✨ Looking Ahead, Dr. Bhardwaj plans to expand her research scope to include other neurodegenerative diseases, applying her computational modeling expertise to explore new therapeutic interventions. With a growing body of work and a patent under her name, she is well on her way to making substantial contributions to both science and medicine, leaving behind a legacy of innovation, education, and discovery.

Citations

A total of 09 citations for his publications, demonstrating the impact and recognition of his research within the academic community.

  • Citations         09
  • h-index           3
  • i10-index        1

Notable Publications 

  • Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Gut Microbe in Parkinson’s Disease: An In Silico and In Vivo Approach
    Bhardwaj, K., Rajawat, N.K., Mathur, N., Kaushik, A.
    NeuroMolecular Medicine, 2024.
  • Development of Alpha-Synuclein Protein Model against Therapeutic Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease
    Bhardwaj, K., Rajawat, N.K., Mathur, N.
    Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2024.
  • Risk of Parkinson Disease Associated with Pesticide Exposure and Protection by Probiotics
    Kanwar Rajawat, N., Bhardwaj, K., Mathur, N.
    Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022.